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The Peru national football team has represented Peru in international football since 1927. Organised by the Peruvian Football Federation (FPF), it is one of the 10 members of FIFA's South American Football Confederation (CONMEBOL). The Peruvian team's performance has been inconsistent; it enjoyed its most successful periods in the 1930s and the 1970s. It plays most of its home matches at the Estadio Nacional in Lima, the country's capital. The Peru national team has won the Copa América twice and qualified for FIFA World Cup finals four times; it also participated in the 1936 Olympic football competition. It has longstanding rivalries with Chile and Ecuador. The team is well known for its white shirts adorned with a diagonal red stripe, which combine Peru's national colours. This basic design has been used continuously since 1936, and gives rise to the team's common Spanish nickname, ''la Blanquirroja'' ("the white-and-red").〔 Peru took part in the inaugural FIFA World Cup in 1930 and enjoyed victories in the 1938 Bolivarian Games and the 1939 Copa América, with goalkeeper Juan Valdivieso and forwards Teodoro Fernández and Alejandro Villanueva playing important roles. Peruvian football's successful period in the 1970s brought it worldwide recognition; the team then included the formidable forward partnership of Hugo Sotil and Teófilo Cubillas, often regarded as Peru's greatest player, and defender Héctor Chumpitaz. This team qualified for three World Cups and won the Copa América in 1975. The Peruvian team last reached the World Cup finals in 1982; it has since not qualified, and has not won any major tournament. FIFA temporarily suspended the country from international competition in late 2008 during the Peruvian government's investigations into alleged corruption within the FPF. Under the management of Ricardo Gareca, Peru came third at the 2015 Copa América and will participate in the Copa América Centenario and the qualification phase for the 2018 World Cup finals in Russia. == History == (詳細はFootball was introduced to Peru in the 19th century by British immigrants and Peruvians returning from England. In 1859, members of the capital Lima's British community founded the Lima Cricket Club, Peru's first organization dedicated to the practice of cricket, rugby, and football. These new sports became popular among the local upper-class over the following decades, but early developments were halted by the War of the Pacific against Chile from 1879 to 1883. After the war, Peru's coastal society embraced football as a modern innovation. The sport became a popular daily activity in Lima barrios, encouraged by bosses who wanted it to inspire solidarity and improved productivity among their workers. In the adjacent port of Callao and other commercial areas, British civilian workers and sailors played the sport among themselves and with locals. Sports rivalries between locals and foreigners arose in Callao, and between elites and workers in Lima. Over time, as foreigners departed, this evolved into a rivalry between Callao and Lima.〔〔See: * , * .〕 These factors, coupled with the sport's rapid growth among the urban poor of Lima's La Victoria district (where the Alianza Lima club was formed in 1901), led to Peru developing, according to historian Andreas Campomar, "some of the most elegant and accomplished football on the continent", and the strongest footballing culture in the Andean region. The Peruvian Football League was formed in 1912 and held each year until it broke up in 1921 amid disputes between the member clubs. The Peruvian Football Federation (FPF) was created the following year and, in 1926, it reorganised the annual league competition. The FPF joined the South American Football Confederation (CONMEBOL) in 1925, and formed a national team in 1927—the delay was due to financial issues. The team debuted in the 1927 South American Championship, which the FPF hosted at the Estadio Nacional in Lima. Peru's first match was a 0–4 loss against ; their second was a 3–2 victory over .〔 Peru next took part in the inaugural FIFA World Cup in 1930, but was eliminated in the first stage. The 1930s have been called Peruvian football's first golden era. During this decade, Peruvians traveled abroad in search of competition that would further develop their football. One notable travel was held in Europe between 1933 and 1934 by the ''Combinado del Pacífico'', a squad composed of Chilean and Peruvian footballers, which provided the South Americans with much-needed experience. Starting with Ciclista Lima in 1926, Peruvian clubs also toured Latin America, achieving numerous victories. During one of these tours—Alianza Lima's undefeated journey through Chile in 1935—a group of players emerged that became called the ''Rodillo Negro'' ("Black Roller"), led by forwards Alejandro Villanueva and Teodoro Fernández and goalkeeper Juan Valdivieso.〔See: * , * .〕 Sports historian Richard Witzig described these three as "a soccer triumvirate unsurpassed in the world at that time", citing their combined innovation and effectiveness at both ends of the field. Peru and the ''Rodillo Negro'' awed crowds at the 1936 Summer Olympics, won the inaugural Bolivarian Games in 1938, and finished the decade as South American champions. Subsequent years proved less successful for the team; according to historian David Goldblatt, "despite all the apparent preconditions for footballing growth and success, Peruvian football disappeared". He attributes this sudden decline to Peruvian authorities' repression of "social, sporting and political organisations among the urban and rural poor" during the 1940s and 1950s. Peru generally performed creditably at the South American Championships during this period, nevertheless, and only narrowly missed qualification for the Sweden 1958 World Cup finals, losing over two legs to eventual champions Brazil. A series of successes during the late 1960s, culminating with qualification for the 1970 World Cup finals in Mexico, ushered in a second golden period for Peruvian football.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=FIFA )〕 The formidable forward partnership between Teófilo Cubillas and Hugo Sotil has been cited as a key factor in Peru's success during the 1970s. Peru reached the quarter-finals in 1970, losing to the tournament winners Brazil, and earned the first FIFA Fair Play Trophy; the team was, Richard Henshaw writes, "the surprise of the 1970 competition, showing flair and a high level of skill". Five years later, Peru was crowned South American champions for the second time when it won the 1975 Copa América (as the South American Championship was renamed that year). The team then qualified for two consecutive World Cup tournaments: it reached the second round in Argentina 1978, and was knocked out in the first group stage at the 1982 tournament in Spain. Peru's early elimination in 1982 ended a period when the side's "flowing football was admired across the globe". In spite of this, Peru barely missed the 1986 World Cup finals after placing second in a qualification group to eventual champions . Renewed expectations for Peru were centred on a young generation of Alianza Lima players known colloquially as ''Los Potrillos'' ("The Colts"). Sociologists Aldo Panfichi and Victor Vich write that ''Los Potrillos'' "became the hope of the entire country"—fans expected them to qualify for the 1990 World Cup in Italy. The national team entered a hiatus after the Alianza Lima air disaster of 8 December 1987, when a plane carrying most of Alianza's players and staff crashed into the Pacific Ocean. Only the pilot survived the crash; among the dead were the Peru manager, Marcos Calderón, and several Peru international players, including goalkeeper José González Ganoza and Luis Escobar, who was widely tipped as a future star forward. Afterward, Peru did not come close to reaching the World Cup finals until the process for France 1998, when it missed qualification only on goal difference.〔 This team would go on to win the 1999 Kirin Cup tournament in Japan (sharing the title with ) and place third at the 2000 CONCACAF Gold Cup—which it contested as an invited guest team. After the turn of the 21st century, qualification for the FIFA World Cup finals continued being an elusive objective for Peru.〔 According to historian Charles F. Walker, the Peruvian national team and football league were marred by player indiscipline problems. Troubles in the FPF, particularly with its then-president Manuel Burga, deepened the crisis in Peruvian football. Nonetheless, during this time Peru won the 2005 and 2011 Kirin Cup tournaments,〔 and earned third place in the 2011 Copa América. In early 2015, businessman Edwin Oviedo succeeded Burga as FPF president. In March 2015, Ricardo Gareca was appointed as Peru's new manager;〔 after coaching Peru to a third place in the 2015 Copa America, he will lead the team in the Copa América Centenario and the qualification phase for the Russia 2018 World Cup finals. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Peru national football team」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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